The communication power of a noisy qubit

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2405.17946v2
• Date: Thu, 13 Feb 2025 13:37:02 GMT
• Title: The communication power of a noisy qubit
• Authors: Giulio Chiribella, Saptarshi Roy, Tamal Guha, Sutapa Saha,
• Abstract summary: A fundamental limitation of quantum communication is that a single qubit can carry at most 1 bit of classical information. For an important class of quantum communication channels, known as entanglement-breaking, this limitation holds even if the sender and receiver share entangled particles. We show that no classical strategy using a noisy bit channel can ensure that the bomb is avoided, even if the sender and receiver share arbitrary amounts of randomness.
• Score: 1.187456026346823
• License:
• Abstract: A fundamental limitation of quantum communication is that a single qubit can carry at most 1 bit of classical information. For an important class of quantum communication channels, known as entanglement-breaking, this limitation holds even if the sender and receiver share entangled particles. But does this mean that, for the purpose of communicating classical messages, a noisy entanglement-breaking qubit channel can be replaced by a noisy bit channel? Here we answer the question in the negative. We introduce a game, similar to the Monty Hall problem in classical statistics, where a sender assists a receiver in finding a valuable item (the prize) hidden into one of four possible boxes, while avoiding a hazardous item (the bomb) hidden in one of the remaining three boxes. We show that no classical strategy using a noisy bit channel can ensure that the bomb is avoided, even if the sender and receiver share arbitrary amounts of randomness. In contrast, communication of a qubit through a class of noisy entanglement-breaking channels, which we call quantum NOT channels, allows the players to deterministically avoid the bomb and to find the prize with a guaranteed nonzero probability. Our findings show that the communication of classical messages through a noisy entanglement-breaking qubit channel assisted by quantum entanglement cannot, in general, be simulated by communication through a noisy bit channel assisted by classical correlations.

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