Single-photon description of the lossless optical Y coupler
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.15304v1
- Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2024 15:55:43 GMT
- Title: Single-photon description of the lossless optical Y coupler
- Authors: Christopher R. Schwarze, Anthony D. Manni, David S. Simon, Alexander V. Sergienko,
- Abstract summary: We derive a unitary scattering matrix for a three-port optical Y-coupler or Y-branch.
Unlike traditional passive linear-optical one-way splitters, coupling light into the conventional output ports of the Y-coupler results in strong coherent back-reflections.
- Score: 41.94295877935867
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: Using symmetry considerations, we derive a unitary scattering matrix for a three-port optical Y-coupler or Y-branch. The result is shown to be unique up to external phase shifts. Unlike traditional passive linear-optical one-way splitters, coupling light into the conventional output ports of the Y-coupler results in strong coherent back-reflections, making the device a hybrid between feed-forward devices like the beam splitter, which do not reverse the direction of light, and a recently considered class of directionally unbiased multiport scatterers (with dimension greater than two) which do. While the device could immediately find use as a novel scattering vertex for the implementation of quantum walks, we also design a few simple but nonetheless useful optical systems that can be constructed by taking advantage of the symmetry of the scattering process. This includes an interference-free, resource-efficient implementation of the Grover four-port and a higher-dimensional Fabry-Perot interferometer with tunable finesse. Symmetry-breaking generalizations are also considered.
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