GenARM: Reward Guided Generation with Autoregressive Reward Model for Test-time Alignment

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.08193v3
• Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 22:20:07 GMT
• Title: GenARM: Reward Guided Generation with Autoregressive Reward Model for Test-time Alignment
• Authors: Yuancheng Xu, Udari Madhushani Sehwag, Alec Koppel, Sicheng Zhu, Bang An, Furong Huang, Sumitra Ganesh,
• Abstract summary: Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities but require careful alignment with human preferences. Test-time alignment methods address this by using reward models (RMs) to guide frozen LLMs without retraining. We introduce GenARM, a test-time alignment approach that leverages the Autoregressive Reward Model.
• Score: 36.52424795446663
• License:
• Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities but require careful alignment with human preferences. Traditional training-time methods finetune LLMs using human preference datasets but incur significant training costs and require repeated training to handle diverse user preferences. Test-time alignment methods address this by using reward models (RMs) to guide frozen LLMs without retraining. However, existing test-time approaches rely on trajectory-level RMs which are designed to evaluate complete responses, making them unsuitable for autoregressive text generation that requires computing next-token rewards from partial responses. To address this, we introduce GenARM, a test-time alignment approach that leverages the Autoregressive Reward Model--a novel reward parametrization designed to predict next-token rewards for efficient and effective autoregressive generation. Theoretically, we demonstrate that this parametrization can provably guide frozen LLMs toward any distribution achievable by traditional RMs within the KL-regularized reinforcement learning framework. Experimental results show that GenARM significantly outperforms prior test-time alignment baselines and matches the performance of training-time methods. Additionally, GenARM enables efficient weak-to-strong guidance, aligning larger LLMs with smaller RMs without the high costs of training larger models. Furthermore, GenARM supports multi-objective alignment, allowing real-time trade-offs between preference dimensions and catering to diverse user preferences without retraining. Our project page is available at: https://genarm.github.io.

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