How Are Quantum Eigenfunctions of Hydrogen Atom Related To Its Classical Elliptic Orbits?

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.18890v1
• Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2024 03:32:06 GMT
• Title: How Are Quantum Eigenfunctions of Hydrogen Atom Related To Its Classical Elliptic Orbits?
• Authors: Yixuan Yin, Tiantian Wang, Biao Wu,
• Abstract summary: We show that a highly-excited energy eigenfunction $psi_nlm(vecr)$ of hydrogen atom can be approximated as an equal-weight superposition of classical elliptic orbits.<n>We re-examine the classical singularity problem of a point mass falling toward a gravitational center.
• Score: 2.252518608959055
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We show that a highly-excited energy eigenfunction $\psi_{nlm}(\vec{r})$ of hydrogen atom can be approximated as an equal-weight superposition of classical elliptic orbits of energy $E_n$ and angular momentum $L=\sqrt{l(l+1)}\hbar$, and $z$ component of angular momentum $L_z=m\hbar$. This correspondence is established by comparing the quantum probability distribution $|\psi_{nlm}(\vec{r})|^2$ and the classical probability distribution $p_c(\vec{r})$ of an ensemble of such orbits. This finding illustrates a general principle: in the semi-classical limit, an energy eigenstate of a quantum system is in general reduced to a collection of classical orbits, rather than a single classical orbit. In light of this quantum-classical correspondence, we re-examine the classical singularity problem of a point mass falling toward a gravitational center. We find that Euler's intuition was correct: the mass point undergoes a sudden turn at the center.

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