Observation of Coherent Quantum Tunneling of a Massive Atomic Cluster with 435 u

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.06246v1
• Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 08:24:17 GMT
• Title: Observation of Coherent Quantum Tunneling of a Massive Atomic Cluster with 435 u
• Authors: Han Zhang, Yong-Kui Wang, Yi Zheng, Hai-Tao Bai, Bing Yang,
• Abstract summary: Tunneling is a genuine quantum phenomenon typically observed in low-mass particles such as electrons. We report the observation of coherent quantum tunneling of a bonded cluster composed of 5 ultracold rubidium-87 atoms, collectively forming a massive object of 435 u.
• Score: 12.620068003914355
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• Abstract: Tunneling is a genuine quantum phenomenon typically observed in low-mass particles such as electrons. However, it fades rapidly as mass increases due to the exponential decay of the matter-wave penetration depth. Cooling atoms to nanokelvin temperatures enhances their matter wave characteristics. Here, we report the observation of coherent quantum tunneling of a bonded cluster composed of 5 ultracold rubidium-87 atoms, collectively forming a massive object of 435 u. Using a double-well superlattice, integer occupancy states are prepared, with atoms bonded via strong on-site interactions. We demonstrate that the exponential base of tunneling strength can be tuned to approach unity, drastically reducing its decay for heavier masses and enabling a scalable strategy. Moreover, tunneling is harnessed to create spatially separated Schr\"{o}dinger-cat states (~320 nm apart), achieving quantum enhancement in measurements. This work markedly raises the mass threshold for quantum tunneling and paves the way for quantum metrology with massive particles.

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