Dipolar quantum solids emerging in a Hubbard quantum simulator

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.00888v2
• Date: Thu, 3 Aug 2023 18:42:26 GMT
• Title: Dipolar quantum solids emerging in a Hubbard quantum simulator
• Authors: Lin Su, Alexander Douglas, Michal Szurek, Robin Groth, S. Furkan Ozturk, Aaron Krahn, Anne H. H\'ebert, Gregory A. Phelps, Sepehr Ebadi, Susannah Dickerson, Francesca Ferlaino, Ognjen Markovi\'c, Markus Greiner
• Abstract summary: Long-range and anisotropic interactions promote rich spatial structure in quantum mechanical many-body systems. We show that novel strongly correlated quantum phases can be realized using long-range dipolar interaction in optical lattices. This work opens the door to quantum simulations of a wide range of lattice models with long-range and anisotropic interactions.
• Score: 45.82143101967126
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: In quantum mechanical many-body systems, long-range and anisotropic interactions promote rich spatial structure and can lead to quantum frustration, giving rise to a wealth of complex, strongly correlated quantum phases. Long-range interactions play an important role in nature; however, quantum simulations of lattice systems have largely not been able to realize such interactions. A wide range of efforts are underway to explore long-range interacting lattice systems using polar molecules, Rydberg atoms, optical cavities, and magnetic atoms. Here, we realize novel quantum phases in a strongly correlated lattice system with long-range dipolar interactions using ultracold magnetic erbium atoms. As we tune the dipolar interaction to be the dominant energy scale in our system, we observe quantum phase transitions from a superfluid into dipolar quantum solids, which we directly detect using quantum gas microscopy with accordion lattices. Controlling the interaction anisotropy by orienting the dipoles enables us to realize a variety of stripe ordered states. Furthermore, by transitioning non-adiabatically through the strongly correlated regime, we observe the emergence of a range of metastable stripe-ordered states. This work demonstrates that novel strongly correlated quantum phases can be realized using long-range dipolar interaction in optical lattices, opening the door to quantum simulations of a wide range of lattice models with long-range and anisotropic interactions.

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