Critically slow Hilbert-space ergodicity in quantum morphic drives

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.06936v1
• Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2025 19:00:00 GMT
• Title: Critically slow Hilbert-space ergodicity in quantum morphic drives
• Authors: Saúl Pilatowsky-Cameo, Soonwon Choi, Wen Wei Ho,
• Abstract summary: We prove that the Thue-Morse drive achieves a very strong notion of quantum ergodicity in the long-time limit. On the other hand, we find the dynamics also approximates a Floquet drive for arbitrarily long albeit finite periods of time. Our work presents a new class of dynamics in time-dependent quantum systems where full ergodicity is eventually attained.
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• Abstract: The maximum entropy principle is foundational for statistical analyses of complex dynamics. This principle has been challenged by the findings of a previous work [Phys. Rev. X 7, 031034 (2017)], where it was argued that a quantum system driven in time by a certain aperiodic sequence without any explicit symmetries, dubbed the Thue-Morse drive, gives rise to emergent nonergodic steady states which are underpinned by effective conserved quantities. Here, we resolve this apparent tension. We rigorously prove that the Thue-Morse drive achieves a very strong notion of quantum ergodicity in the long-time limit: the time evolution of any initial state uniformly visits every corner of its Hilbert space. On the other hand, we find the dynamics also approximates a Floquet drive for arbitrarily long albeit finite periods of time with no characteristic timescale, resulting in a scale-free ergodic dynamics we call critically slow complete Hilbert-space ergodicity (CS-CHSE). Furthermore, numerical studies reveal that CS-CHSE is not specific to the Thue-Morse drive and is in fact exhibited by many other aperiodic drives derived from morphic sequences, i.e., words derived from repeatedly applying substitution rules on basic characters. Our work presents a new class of dynamics in time-dependent quantum systems where full ergodicity is eventually attained, but only after astronomically long times.

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