Homogeneous fermionic Hubbard gases in a flat-top optical lattice

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08104v1
• Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2025 04:06:31 GMT
• Title: Homogeneous fermionic Hubbard gases in a flat-top optical lattice
• Authors: Yu-Xuan Wang, Hou-Ji Shao, Yan-Song Zhu, De-Zhi Zhu, Hao-Nan Sun, Si-Yuan Chen, Xing-Can Yao, Yu-Ao Chen, Jian-Wei Pan,
• Abstract summary: We develop a hybrid potential that integrates a flat-top optical lattice with an optical box trap. We capture a well-defined energy band occupation that aligns perfectly with the theoretical calculations for a zero-temperature fermionic Hubbard model. We observe a non-monotonic temperature dependence in $D$, revealing the Pomeranchuk effect.
• Score: 9.357258889345438
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• Abstract: Fermionic atoms in a large-scale, homogeneous optical lattice provide an ideal quantum simulator for investigating the fermionic Hubbard model, yet achieving this remains challenging. Here, by developing a hybrid potential that integrates a flat-top optical lattice with an optical box trap, we successfully realize the creation of three-dimensional, homogeneous fermionic Hubbard gases across approximately $8\times10^5$ lattice sites. This homogeneous system enables us to capture a well-defined energy band occupation that aligns perfectly with the theoretical calculations for a zero-temperature, ideal fermionic Hubbard model. Furthermore, by employing novel radio-frequency spectroscopy, we precisely measure the doublon fraction $D$ as a function of interaction strength $U$ and temperature $T$, respectively. The crossover from metal to Mott insulator is detected, where $D$ smoothly decreases with increasing $U$. More importantly, we observe a non-monotonic temperature dependence in $D$, revealing the Pomeranchuk effect and the development of extended antiferromagnetic correlations.

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