Counterflow of lattice polarons in harmonically confined optical lattices

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.09448v1
• Date: Thu, 13 Feb 2025 16:17:27 GMT
• Title: Counterflow of lattice polarons in harmonically confined optical lattices
• Authors: Felipe Isaule, Abel Rojo-Francàs, Luis Morales-Molina, Bruno Juliá-Díaz,
• Abstract summary: We study a mobile impurity in a harmonically confined optical lattice interacting repulsively with a bosonic bath. We reveal the appearance of a correlated counterflow phase, which we support with an analytical model for a mobile impurity-hole pair.
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• Abstract: We study a mobile impurity in a one-dimensional harmonically confined optical lattice interacting repulsively with a bosonic bath. The behavior of the impurity across baths with superfluid and Mott-insulator domains is examined, including its full back-action effect on the bath. We characterize the bath-impurity phase diagram and reveal the appearance of a correlated counterflow phase, which we support with an analytical model for a mobile impurity-hole pair. This phase shows a combined insulator domain of unity filling but no independent domain of constant density. The transition to this phase features a sudden orthogonality catastrophe and the change of the shape of the impurity's profile to that of a free particle in an infinite square well. The findings of this work suggest the appearance of unconventional counterflow in trapped imbalanced atomic mixtures.

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