Constrained many-body phases in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Higgs lattice gauge theory

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.03828v1
• Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2025 19:00:07 GMT
• Title: Constrained many-body phases in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-Higgs lattice gauge theory
• Authors: Alexander Schuckert, Stefan Kühn, Kevin C. Smith, Eleanor Crane, Steven M. Girvin,
• Abstract summary: We study a one-dimensional $mathbbZ$ lattice gauge theory coupled to soft-core bosonic matter at unit filling.<n>Through a combination of analytical perturbative approaches, we uncover a rich phase diagram driven by gauge-field-mediated resonant pair hopping.<n>The presence of a bunching state with large number fluctuations motivates experimental realizations in hybrid boson-qubit quantum simulation platforms.
• Score: 39.58317527488534
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We study the ground-state phase diagram of a one-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory coupled to soft-core bosonic matter at unit filling, inspired by the Higgs sector of the standard model. Through a combination of analytical perturbative approaches, exact diagonalization, and density-matrix-renormalization-group simulations, we uncover a rich phase diagram driven by gauge-field-mediated resonant pair hopping and the confinement of single particles. The pair hopping results in a bunching state with superextensive energy and macroscopic particle number fluctuations at strong electric field strengths and weak on-site interactions. The bunching state crosses over into a pair superfluid phase as the on-site interaction increases, characterized by a finite superfluid density and powerlaw-decaying pair correlations. At large on-site interaction strengths and driven by effective interactions induced by the gauge constraint, the superfluid transitions into an incompressible pair Mott insulator phase. At weak field strengths and on-site interactions, we find a plasma-like region, where single bosons exhibit large short-range correlations and the ground state is composed almost equally of states with even and odd local boson occupation. The presence of a bunching state with large number fluctuations, which is difficult to study using classical numerics, motivates experimental realizations in hybrid boson-qubit quantum simulation platforms such as circuit QED, neutral atoms, and trapped ions. Our findings highlight the rich interplay between gauge fields and soft-core bosonic matter.

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