A New $\sim 5σ$ Tension at Characteristic Redshift from DESI-DR1 BAO and DES-SN5YR Observations

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02880v2
• Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2025 08:13:04 GMT
• Title: A New $\sim 5σ$ Tension at Characteristic Redshift from DESI-DR1 BAO and DES-SN5YR Observations
• Abstract summary: We perform a model-independent reconstruction of the angular diameter distance ($D_A$) using the Multi-Task Gaussian Process framework.<n>We calibrate the comoving sound horizon at the baryon drag epoch $r_d$ to the Planck best-fit value.<n>Our findings reveal that at $zsim 1.63$, the $H(z)$ is fully consistent with the Planck-2018 $Lambda$CDM prediction.<n>At $zsim 0.512$, the derived $H(z)$ shows a more than $5sigma$ discrepancy with the
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We perform a model-independent reconstruction of the angular diameter distance ($D_{A}$) using the Multi-Task Gaussian Process (MTGP) framework with DESI-DR1 BAO and DES-SN5YR datasets. We calibrate the comoving sound horizon at the baryon drag epoch $r_d$ to the Planck best-fit value, ensuring consistency with early-universe physics. With the reconstructed $D_A$ at two key redshifts, $z\sim 1.63$ (where $D_{A}^{\prime} =0$) and at $z\sim 0.512$ (where $D_{A}^{\prime} = D_{A}$), we derive the expansion rate of the Universe $H(z)$ at these redshifts. Our findings reveal that at $z\sim 1.63$, the $H(z)$ is fully consistent with the Planck-2018 $\Lambda$CDM prediction, confirming no new physics at that redshift. However, at $z \sim 0.512$, the derived $H(z)$ shows a more than $5\sigma$ discrepancy with the Planck-2018 $\Lambda$CDM prediction, suggesting a possible breakdown of the $\Lambda$CDM model as constrained by Planck-2018 at this lower redshift. This emerging $\sim 5\sigma$ tension at $z\sim 0.512$, distinct from the existing ``Hubble Tension'', may signal the first strong evidence for new physics at low redshifts.

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