Related papers: Electrically-Small Rydberg Sensor for Three-Dimensional Determination of rf k-Vectors

Electrically-Small Rydberg Sensor for Three-Dimensional Determination of rf k-Vectors

URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.04670v1
Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2025 18:01:56 GMT
Title: Electrically-Small Rydberg Sensor for Three-Dimensional Determination of rf k-Vectors
Authors: Peter K. Elgee, Kevin C. Cox, Joshua C. Hill, Paul D. Kunz, David H. Meyer,
Abstract summary: We present an electrically-small Rydberg atom electric field sensor with the ability to extract the three-dimensional $k$-vector of an elliptically polarized radio frequency (rf) field.<n>Our method uses a field vector measurement at a single point in space and is thus compatible with a sensor volume that is arbitrarily small compared to the carrier wavelength.<n>We find that the sensor works over a broad range of ellipticities and validate that an electrically-small sensing region is optimal.
Score: 0.0
License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Abstract: We present an electrically-small Rydberg atom electric field sensor with the ability to extract the three-dimensional $k$-vector of an elliptically polarized radio frequency (rf) field. In most mediums, the $k$-vector (or wave vector) provides the direction of propagation of an electromagnetic wave. Our method uses a field vector measurement at a single point in space and is thus compatible with a sensor volume that is arbitrarily small compared to the carrier wavelength. We measure the $k$-vector of a circularly polarized signal field with average absolute errors in the polar and azimuthal angles of $33~\text{mrad}$ and $43~\text{mrad}$ respectively, and statistical noise of $1.3~\text{mrad}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ and $1.5~\text{mrad}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. Additionally, we characterize the performance of the sensor as a function of the ellipticity of the input field and the size of the sensing region. We find that the sensor works over a broad range of ellipticities and validate that an electrically-small sensing region is optimal.

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