When Clifford benchmarks are sufficient; estimating application performance with scalable proxy circuits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.05943v1
• Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2025 21:18:59 GMT
• Title: When Clifford benchmarks are sufficient; estimating application performance with scalable proxy circuits
• Authors: Seth Merkel, Timothy Proctor, Samuele Ferracin, Jordan Hines, Samantha Barron, Luke C. G. Govia, David McKay,
• Abstract summary: We show that for a broad class of error models these concerns are unwarranted.<n>We show that for error models that admit noise tailoring by Pauli twirling, the diamond norm and fidelity of any generic circuit is well approximated by the fidelities of proxy circuits composed only of Clifford gates.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The goal of benchmarking is to determine how far the output of a noisy system is from its ideal behavior; this becomes exceedingly difficult for large quantum systems where classical simulations become intractable. A common approach is to turn to circuits comprised of elements of the Clifford group (e.g., CZ, CNOT, $\pi$ and $\pi/2$ gates), which probe quantum behavior but are nevertheless efficient to simulate classically. However, there is some concern that these circuits may overlook error sources that impact the larger Hilbert space. In this manuscript, we show that for a broad class of error models these concerns are unwarranted. In particular, we show that, for error models that admit noise tailoring by Pauli twirling, the diamond norm and fidelity of any generic circuit is well approximated by the fidelities of proxy circuits composed only of Clifford gates. We discuss methods for extracting the fidelities of these Clifford proxy circuits in a manner that is robust to errors in state preparation and measurement and demonstrate these methods in simulation and on IBM Quantum's fleet of deployed heron devices.

Related papers

• Clifford and Non-Clifford Splitting in Quantum Circuits: Applications and ZX-Calculus Detection Procedure [49.1574468325115]
  We propose and analyze use cases that come from quantum circuits that can be written as product between a Clifford and a Non-Clifford unitary. We make use of ZX-Calculus and its assets to detect a limiting border of these circuits that would allow for a separation between a Clifford section and a Non-Clifford section.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-04-22T16:10:34Z)
• Clifford Perturbation Approximation for Quantum Error Mitigation [6.8335953981503454]
  Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is critical for harnessing the potential of near-term quantum devices.<n>We propose a learning-based error mitigation framework called Clifford Perturbation Data Regression (CPDR)<n>CPDR constructs training sets by Clifford circuits with small perturbations.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-12-12T18:01:54Z)
• Symmetric Clifford twirling for cost-optimal quantum error mitigation in early FTQC regime [0.0]
  Twirling noise affecting quantum gates is essential in understanding and controlling errors.<n>We show that certain Pauli noise can be scrambled to a noise exponentially close to the global white noise.<n>These findings enable us to mitigate errors in non-Clifford operations with minimal sampling overhead.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-05-13T13:14:01Z)
• Extending Classically Simulatable Bounds of Clifford Circuits with Nonstabilizer States via Framed Wigner Functions [3.9482012852779085]
  Wigner function formalism has played a pivotal role in examining the non-classical aspects of quantum states and their classical simulatability. We propose a novel classical simulation method for qubit Clifford circuits based on the framed Wigner function.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-07-31T14:02:33Z)
• Classical benchmarking of zero noise extrapolation beyond the exactly-verifiable regime [1.2569180784533303]
  We compare the experimental results to matrix product operator simulations of the Heisenberg evolution. We observe a discrepancy of up to $20%$ among the different classical approaches.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-06-30T17:57:26Z)
• Simulating quantum circuit expectation values by Clifford perturbation theory [0.0]
  We consider the expectation value problem for circuits composed of Clifford gates and non-Clifford Pauli rotations. We introduce a perturbative approach based on the truncation of the exponentially growing sum of Pauli terms in the Heisenberg picture. Results indicate that this systematically improvable perturbative method offers a viable alternative to exact methods for approxing expectation values of large near-Clifford circuits.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-06-07T21:42:10Z)
• Scalable noisy quantum circuits for biased-noise qubits [37.69303106863453]
  We consider biased-noise qubits affected only by bit-flip errors, which is motivated by existing systems of stabilized cat qubits. For realistic noise models, phase-flip will not be negligible, but in the Pauli-Twirling approximation, we show that our benchmark could check the correctness of circuits containing up to $106$ gates.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-05-03T11:27:50Z)
• Efficient estimation of trainability for variational quantum circuits [43.028111013960206]
  We find an efficient method to compute the cost function and its variance for a wide class of variational quantum circuits. This method can be used to certify trainability for variational quantum circuits and explore design strategies that can overcome the barren plateau problem.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-02-09T14:05:18Z)
• Iterative Qubit Coupled Cluster using only Clifford circuits [36.136619420474766]
  An ideal state preparation protocol can be characterized by being easily generated classically. We propose a method that meets these requirements by introducing a variant of the iterative qubit coupled cluster (iQCC) We demonstrate the algorithm's correctness in ground-state simulations and extend our study to complex systems like the titanium-based compound Ti(C5H5)(CH3)3 with a (20, 20) active space.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-11-18T20:31:10Z)
• Learnability of the output distributions of local quantum circuits [53.17490581210575]
  We investigate, within two different oracle models, the learnability of quantum circuit Born machines. We first show a negative result, that the output distributions of super-logarithmic depth Clifford circuits are not sample-efficiently learnable. We show that in a more powerful oracle model, namely when directly given access to samples, the output distributions of local Clifford circuits are computationally efficiently PAC learnable.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-10-11T18:00:20Z)
• Simulating quench dynamics on a digital quantum computer with data-driven error mitigation [62.997667081978825]
  We present one of the first implementations of several Clifford data regression based methods which are used to mitigate the effect of noise in real quantum data. We find in general Clifford data regression based techniques are advantageous in comparison with zero-noise extrapolation. This is the largest systems investigated so far in a study of this type.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-03-23T16:56:14Z)
• Error mitigation and quantum-assisted simulation in the error corrected regime [77.34726150561087]
  A standard approach to quantum computing is based on the idea of promoting a classically simulable and fault-tolerant set of operations. We show how the addition of noisy magic resources allows one to boost classical quasiprobability simulations of a quantum circuit.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-03-12T20:58:41Z)
• Efficient and robust certification of genuine multipartite entanglement in noisy quantum error correction circuits [58.720142291102135]
  We introduce a conditional witnessing technique to certify genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) We prove that the detection of entanglement in a linear number of bipartitions by a number of measurements scales linearly, suffices to certify GME. We apply our method to the noisy readout of stabilizer operators of the distance-three topological color code and its flag-based fault-tolerant version.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-10-06T18:00:07Z)
• Hardware-Encoding Grid States in a Non-Reciprocal Superconducting Circuit [62.997667081978825]
  We present a circuit design composed of a non-reciprocal device and Josephson junctions whose ground space is doubly degenerate and the ground states are approximate codewords of the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) code. We find that the circuit is naturally protected against the common noise channels in superconducting circuits, such as charge and flux noise, implying that it can be used for passive quantum error correction.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-02-18T16:45:09Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.