Time delay of mean field interaction in thermal Rydberg atomic gas

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.07370v2
• Date: Thu, 24 Apr 2025 09:12:27 GMT
• Title: Time delay of mean field interaction in thermal Rydberg atomic gas
• Authors: Yuzhuo Wang, Tianxiong Gao, Yufan Niu, Ying Hu, Linjie Zhang, Shuotang Jia, Mingyong Jing, Yanhong Xiao,
• Abstract summary: Mean field theory is commonly employed to study nonequilibrium dynamics in hot Rydberg atomic ensembles.<n>We experimentally observe a time-delay effect in the buildup of mean-field interaction, which reveals the key role of collision ionization.<n>Our findings provide compelling evidence for the contribution of ionization processes in the nonequilibrium dynamics of thermal Rydberg gas.
• Score: 3.895895631687943
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Abstract: Mean field theory is commonly employed to study nonequilibrium dynamics in hot Rydberg atomic ensembles, but the fundamental mechanism behind the generation of the mean-field interactions remains poorly understood. In this work, we experimentally observe a time-delay effect in the buildup of mean-field interaction, which reveals the key role of collision ionization. We analyze the relevant collision channels and propose a microscopic mechanism that quantitatively explains the hysteresis window observed in optical bistability. Then, using square-wave modulation spectroscopy (SMS) to monitor the growth of the mean-field interaction, we experimentally demonstrate a delay in its dynamical buildup following the initial Rydberg excitation. Finally, we demonstrate how this delay effect may help understand the recently observed self-sustained oscillations in thermal Rydberg gases. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the contribution of ionization processes in the nonequilibrium dynamics of thermal Rydberg gas, a system of growing interest for quantum sensing and quantum information science.

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