KoBALT: Korean Benchmark For Advanced Linguistic Tasks

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16125v1
• Date: Thu, 22 May 2025 02:03:07 GMT
• Title: KoBALT: Korean Benchmark For Advanced Linguistic Tasks
• Authors: Hyopil Shin, Sangah Lee, Dongjun Jang, Wooseok Song, Jaeyoon Kim, Chaeyoung Oh, Hyemi Jo, Youngchae Ahn, Sihyun Oh, Hyohyeong Chang, Sunkyoung Kim, Jinsik Lee,
• Abstract summary: KoBALT (Korean Benchmark for Advanced Linguistic Tasks) is a linguistically-motivated benchmark comprising 700 multiple-choice questions.<n>It is designed to advance the evaluation of large language models (LLMs) in Korean.<n>It introduces a suite of expert-curated, linguistically motivated questions with minimal n-gram overlap with standard Korean corpora.
• Score: 0.6971903955510721
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Abstract: We introduce KoBALT (Korean Benchmark for Advanced Linguistic Tasks), a comprehensive linguistically-motivated benchmark comprising 700 multiple-choice questions spanning 24 phenomena across five linguistic domains: syntax, semantics, pragmatics, phonetics/phonology, and morphology. KoBALT is designed to advance the evaluation of large language models (LLMs) in Korean, a morphologically rich language, by addressing the limitations of conventional benchmarks that often lack linguistic depth and typological grounding. It introduces a suite of expert-curated, linguistically motivated questions with minimal n-gram overlap with standard Korean corpora, substantially mitigating the risk of data contamination and allowing a more robust assessment of true language understanding. Our evaluation of 20 contemporary LLMs reveals significant performance disparities, with the highest-performing model achieving 61\% general accuracy but showing substantial variation across linguistic domains - from stronger performance in semantics (66\%) to considerable weaknesses in phonology (31\%) and morphology (36\%). Through human preference evaluation with 95 annotators, we demonstrate a strong correlation between KoBALT scores and human judgments, validating our benchmark's effectiveness as a discriminative measure of Korean language understanding. KoBALT addresses critical gaps in linguistic evaluation for typologically diverse languages and provides a robust framework for assessing genuine linguistic competence in Korean language models.

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