Cavity-Mediated Gas-Liquid Transition

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08830v4
• Date: Sun, 22 Jun 2025 11:19:04 GMT
• Title: Cavity-Mediated Gas-Liquid Transition
• Authors: Fan Zhang, Haowei Li, Wei Yi,
• Abstract summary: We study the gas-liquid transition in a binary Bose-Einstein condensate, where the two Zeeman-shifted hyperfine spin components are coupled by cavity-assisted Raman processes.<n>Above a critical Zeeman field, the gas-liquid transition only takes place at a finite pumping strength after the system becomes superradiant.<n>As a result of the fixed density ratio of the quantum droplet, the cavity field exhibits a linear scaling with the pumping strength in the liquid phase.
• Score: 3.5239602702347246
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We study the gas-liquid transition in a binary Bose-Einstein condensate, where the two Zeeman-shifted hyperfine spin components are coupled by cavity-assisted Raman processes. Below a critical Zeeman field, the cavity becomes superradiant for an infinitesimally small pumping strength, where the enhanced superradiance is facilitated by the simultaneous formation of quantum droplet, a self-bound liquid phase stabilized by quantum fluctuations. Above the critical Zeeman field, the gas-liquid transition only takes place at a finite pumping strength after the system becomes superradiant. As the back action of the gas-liquid transition, the superradiant cavity field undergoes an abrupt jump at the first-order transition point. Furthermore, as a result of the fixed density ratio of the quantum droplet, the cavity field exhibits a linear scaling with the pumping strength in the liquid phase. These features serve as prominent signals for the cavity-mediated gas-liquid transition and coexistence, which derive from the interplay of Zeeman field, cavity-assisted spin mixing, and quantum fluctuations.

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