Self-Regulating Cars: Automating Traffic Control in Free Flow Road Networks

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.11973v1
• Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2025 17:31:23 GMT
• Title: Self-Regulating Cars: Automating Traffic Control in Free Flow Road Networks
• Authors: Ankit Bhardwaj, Rohail Asim, Sachin Chauhan, Yasir Zaki, Lakshminarayanan Subramanian,
• Abstract summary: We introduce self-regulating cars, a reinforcement learning-based traffic control protocol that dynamically modulates vehicle speeds to optimize throughput and prevent congestion.<n>Our approach integrates classical traffic flow theory, gap acceptance models, and microscopic simulation into a physics-informed RL framework.<n>It also achieves smoother, congestion-resistant flow while generalizing across varied traffic patterns, demonstrating its potential for scalable, ML-driven traffic management.
• Score: 5.557442038265024
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Free-flow road networks, such as suburban highways, are increasingly experiencing traffic congestion due to growing commuter inflow and limited infrastructure. Traditional control mechanisms, such as traffic signals or local heuristics, are ineffective or infeasible in these high-speed, signal-free environments. We introduce self-regulating cars, a reinforcement learning-based traffic control protocol that dynamically modulates vehicle speeds to optimize throughput and prevent congestion, without requiring new physical infrastructure. Our approach integrates classical traffic flow theory, gap acceptance models, and microscopic simulation into a physics-informed RL framework. By abstracting roads into super-segments, the agent captures emergent flow dynamics and learns robust speed modulation policies from instantaneous traffic observations. Evaluated in the high-fidelity PTV Vissim simulator on a real-world highway network, our method improves total throughput by 5%, reduces average delay by 13%, and decreases total stops by 3% compared to the no-control setting. It also achieves smoother, congestion-resistant flow while generalizing across varied traffic patterns, demonstrating its potential for scalable, ML-driven traffic management.

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