Lindbladian versus Postselected Non-Hermitian Topology

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.07187v1
• Date: Wed, 09 Jul 2025 18:01:22 GMT
• Title: Lindbladian versus Postselected Non-Hermitian Topology
• Authors: Alexandre Chaduteau, Derek K. K. Lee, Frank Schindler,
• Abstract summary: Many-body systems with loss and gain are typically better described by mixed-state open quantum dynamics upon a postselection of measurement outcomes.<n>We show that the non-Hermitian skin effect and its relationship to a bulk winding number in one spatial dimension can survive without postselection.<n>We also identify a case where removing postselection induces a skin effect from otherwise topologically trivial non-Hermitian dynamics.
• Score: 44.99833362998488
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The recent topological classification of non-Hermitian `Hamiltonians' is usually interpreted in terms of pure quantum states that decay or grow with time. However, many-body systems with loss and gain are typically better described by mixed-state open quantum dynamics, which only correspond to pure-state non-Hermitian dynamics upon a postselection of measurement outcomes. Since postselection becomes exponentially costly with particle number, we here investigate to what extent the most important example of non-Hermitian topology can survive without it: the non-Hermitian skin effect and its relationship to a bulk winding number in one spatial dimension. After defining the winding number of the Lindbladian superoperator for a quadratic fermion system, we systematically relate it to the winding number of the associated postselected non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We prove that the two winding numbers are equal (opposite) in the absence of gain (loss), and provide a physical explanation for this relationship. When both loss and gain are present, the Lindbladian winding number typically remains quantized and non-zero, though it can change sign at a phase transition separating the loss and gain-dominated regimes. This transition, which leads to a reversal of the Lindbladian skin effect localization, is rendered invisible by postselection. We also identify a case where removing postselection induces a skin effect from otherwise topologically trivial non-Hermitian dynamics.

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