LaCache: Ladder-Shaped KV Caching for Efficient Long-Context Modeling of Large Language Models

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.14204v1
• Date: Mon, 14 Jul 2025 19:09:57 GMT
• Title: LaCache: Ladder-Shaped KV Caching for Efficient Long-Context Modeling of Large Language Models
• Authors: Dachuan Shi, Yonggan Fu, Xiangchi Yuan, Zhongzhi Yu, Haoran You, Sixu Li, Xin Dong, Jan Kautz, Pavlo Molchanov, Yingyan, Lin,
• Abstract summary: LaCache is a training-free method for efficient and accurate generative inference of Large Language Models.<n>LaCache enables LLMs to address both of the critical challenges in long-range modeling: robust long-range capabilities and continuous generation without running out-of-memory.
• Score: 52.56008278458534
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred interest in numerous applications requiring robust long-range capabilities, essential for processing extensive input contexts and continuously generating extended outputs. As sequence lengths increase, the number of Key-Value (KV) pairs in LLMs escalates, creating a significant efficiency bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a new KV cache optimization paradigm called LaCache, a training-free method for efficient and accurate generative inference of LLMs. LaCache enables LLMs to simultaneously address both of the critical challenges in long-range modeling: robust long-range capabilities and continuous generation without running out-of-memory (OOM). Specifically, LaCache integrates two key innovations: (1) a ladder-shaped KV cache pattern that stores KV pairs not only sequentially (left-to-right within each layer) but also across layers (from shallow to deep), providing an extended span for capturing long-range dependencies under a fixed storage budget, thereby boosting long-range capabilities; and (2) an iterative compaction mechanism that progressively compresses older caches, freeing up space for new tokens within a fixed cache size. This token distance-based dynamic compression enables more effective continuous generation under constrained cache budgets. Experiments across various tasks, benchmarks, and LLM models consistently validate LaCache's effectiveness in enhancing LLMs' long-range capabilities. Our code is available at https://github.com/GATECH-EIC/LaCache.

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