Adaptive t Design Dummy-Gate Obfuscation for Cryogenic Scale Enforcement

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00812v1
• Date: Sun, 31 Aug 2025 12:12:48 GMT
• Title: Adaptive t Design Dummy-Gate Obfuscation for Cryogenic Scale Enforcement
• Authors: Samuel Punch, Krishnendu Guha,
• Abstract summary: Cloud quantum services can reveal circuit structure and timing through scheduler metadata, latency patterns, and co-tenant interference.<n>We introduce NADGO, a scheduling and obfuscation stack that enforces operational privacy for gate-model workloads.<n>We prototype the approach on a 4-qubit superconducting tile with cryo-CMOS control and evaluate both depth-varied local-random circuits and small QAOA instances.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Cloud quantum services can reveal circuit structure and timing through scheduler metadata, latency patterns, and co-tenant interference. We introduce NADGO (Noise-Adaptive Dummy-Gate Obfuscation), a scheduling and obfuscation stack that enforces operational privacy for gate-model workloads by applying per-interval limits on observable information leakage. To support confidentiality and fair multi-tenancy, operators require a method to audit compliance at acceptable overheads. NADGO combines: (i) hardware-aware t-design padding for structured cover traffic, (ii) particle-filter timing randomization to mask queue patterns, (iii) CASQUE subcircuit routing across heterogeneous backends, and (iv) a per-interval leakage estimator with locked calibration artifacts and a dual-threshold kill-switch. We prototype the approach on a 4-qubit superconducting tile with cryo-CMOS control and evaluate both depth-varied local-random circuits and small QAOA instances. Monitoring runs at a 6.3 microsecond control interval, and per-interval decisions are recorded in an append-only, hash-chained audit log. Across Monte Carlo (Tier 1) and cloud-hardware emulation (Tier 2) evaluations, NADGO maintains leakage within budget in nominal operation (interval-abort rate below 1 percent) and under attack yields high separation with concentrated aborts. At matched leakage targets, microbenchmarks indicate lower latency and cryogenic power consumption than static padding, while end-to-end workloads maintain competitive cost envelopes.

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