Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02392v1
• Date: Tue, 02 Sep 2025 14:57:18 GMT
• Title: Widely non-degenerate nonlinear frequency conversion in cryogenic titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides
• Authors: Nina Amelie Lange, Sebastian Lengeling, Philipp Mues, Viktor Quiring, Werner Ridder, Christof Eigner, Harald Herrmann, Christine Silberhorn, Tim J. Bartley,
• Abstract summary: The titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguide platform is well-established for reliable prototyping and packaging of many quantum photonic components at room temperature.<n>We characterize alterations in phase-matching and mode guiding of a non-degenerate spontaneous parametric down-electricity process emitting around 1556 nm and 950 nm, under cryogenic conditions.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguide platform is well-established for reliable prototyping and packaging of many quantum photonic components at room temperature. Nevertheless, compatibility with certain quantum light sources and superconducting detectors requires operation under cryogenic conditions. We characterize alterations in phase-matching and mode guiding of a non-degenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion process emitting around 1556 nm and 950 nm, under cryogenic conditions. Despite the effects of pyroelectricity and photorefraction, the spectral properties match our theoretical model. Nevertheless, these effects cause small but significant variations within and between cooling cycles. These measurements provide a first benchmark against which other nonlinear photonic integration platforms, such as thin-film lithium niobate, can be compared.

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