Topological energy pumping in a quasi-periodically driven four-level system

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.06043v1
• Date: Sun, 07 Sep 2025 13:11:40 GMT
• Title: Topological energy pumping in a quasi-periodically driven four-level system
• Authors: Vansh Kaushik, Sayan Choudhury, Tanay Nag,
• Abstract summary: We investigate a quasi-periodically driven four-level system with intertwined spin and orbital degrees of freedom.<n>Under a two-tone drive in the strong-driving regime, the system realizes a two-dimensional synthetic Floquet lattice.<n>We find that the rates of emission and absorption of energy between the two drives are not exactly opposite for a given band.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We investigate a quasi-periodically driven four-level system that serves as a temporal analog of topological phenomena found in four-band models with intertwined spin and orbital degrees of freedom. Under a two-tone drive in the strong-driving regime, the system realizes a two-dimensional synthetic Floquet lattice, thus facilitating the realization of topological energy pumping. For a temporal quantum spin Hall insulator, we find that the rates of emission and absorption of energy between the two drives are not exactly opposite for a given band. However, when contributions from two chiral symmetric partner bands are added, they become exactly opposite. This quantized rate of energy exchange is a direct consequence of propagating edge modes in the real-space model, which we further characterize by computing the spin-Chern number. Interestingly, our analysis yields zero rate of exchange of energy between the drives for a temporal higher-order topological insulator, suggesting the presence of localized corner modes that we characterize by the mid-gap Wannier spectra. Finally, we demonstrate that the perfect (imperfect) nature of the fidelity during the time-evolution of the system serves as a characteristic signature of a topological (trivial) phase.

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