Explainable AI for Accelerated Microstructure Imaging: A SHAP-Guided Protocol on the Connectome 2.0 scanner

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09513v1
• Date: Thu, 11 Sep 2025 14:53:26 GMT
• Title: Explainable AI for Accelerated Microstructure Imaging: A SHAP-Guided Protocol on the Connectome 2.0 scanner
• Authors: Quentin Uhl, Tommaso Pavan, Julianna Gerold, Kwok-Shing Chan, Yohan Jun, Shohei Fujita, Aneri Bhatt, Yixin Ma, Qiaochu Wang, Hong-Hsi Lee, Susie Y. Huang, Berkin Bilgic, Ileana Jelescu,
• Abstract summary: This study proposes a reduced acquisition scheme for the Connectome 2.0 scanner that preserves model accuracy while substantially shortening scan duration.<n>We developed a data-driven framework using explainable artificial intelligence with a guided feature elimination strategy to identify an optimal 8-feature subset from a 15-feature protocol.
• Score: 0.8306551626831736
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The diffusion MRI Neurite Exchange Imaging model offers a promising framework for probing gray matter microstructure by estimating parameters such as compartment sizes, diffusivities, and inter-compartmental water exchange time. However, existing protocols require long scan times. This study proposes a reduced acquisition scheme for the Connectome 2.0 scanner that preserves model accuracy while substantially shortening scan duration. We developed a data-driven framework using explainable artificial intelligence with a guided recursive feature elimination strategy to identify an optimal 8-feature subset from a 15-feature protocol. The performance of this optimized protocol was validated in vivo and benchmarked against the full acquisition and alternative reduction strategies. Parameter accuracy, preservation of anatomical contrast, and test-retest reproducibility were assessed. The reduced protocol yielded parameter estimates and cortical maps comparable to the full protocol, with low estimation errors in synthetic data and minimal impact on test-retest variability. Compared to theory-driven and heuristic reduction schemes, the optimized protocol demonstrated superior robustness, reducing the deviation in water exchange time estimates by over two-fold. In conclusion, this hybrid optimization framework enables viable imaging of neurite exchange in 14 minutes without loss of parameter fidelity. This approach supports the broader application of exchange-sensitive diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in neuroscience and clinical research, and offers a generalizable method for designing efficient acquisition protocols in biophysical parameter mapping.

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