Uncovering AI Governance Themes in EU Policies using BERTopic and Thematic Analysis

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.13387v1
• Date: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 12:20:07 GMT
• Title: Uncovering AI Governance Themes in EU Policies using BERTopic and Thematic Analysis
• Authors: Delaram Golpayegani, Marta Lasek-Markey, Arjumand Younus, Aphra Kerr, Dave Lewis,
• Abstract summary: The European Union (EU) is a key actor in the development of such policies and guidelines.<n>HLEG issued an influential set of guidelines for trustworthy AI, followed in 2024 by the adoption of the EU AI Act.<n>While the EU policies and guidelines are expected to be aligned, they may differ in their scope, areas of emphasis, degrees of normativity, and priorities in relation to AI.
• Score: 0.5321738009179028
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The upsurge of policies and guidelines that aim to ensure Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are safe and trustworthy has led to a fragmented landscape of AI governance. The European Union (EU) is a key actor in the development of such policies and guidelines. Its High-Level Expert Group (HLEG) issued an influential set of guidelines for trustworthy AI, followed in 2024 by the adoption of the EU AI Act. While the EU policies and guidelines are expected to be aligned, they may differ in their scope, areas of emphasis, degrees of normativity, and priorities in relation to AI. To gain a broad understanding of AI governance from the EU perspective, we leverage qualitative thematic analysis approaches to uncover prevalent themes in key EU documents, including the AI Act and the HLEG Ethics Guidelines. We further employ quantitative topic modelling approaches, specifically through the use of the BERTopic model, to enhance the results and increase the document sample to include EU AI policy documents published post-2018. We present a novel perspective on EU policies, tracking the evolution of its approach to addressing AI governance.

Related papers

• Advancing Science- and Evidence-based AI Policy [163.43609502905707]
  This paper tackles the problem of how to optimize the relationship between evidence and policy to address the opportunities and challenges of AI.<n>An increasing number of efforts address this problem by often either (i) contributing research into the risks of AI and their effective mitigation or (ii) advocating for policy to address these risks.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-08-02T23:20:58Z)
• Media and responsible AI governance: a game-theoretic and LLM analysis [61.132523071109354]
  This paper investigates the interplay between AI developers, regulators, users, and the media in fostering trustworthy AI systems.<n>Using evolutionary game theory and large language models (LLMs), we model the strategic interactions among these actors under different regulatory regimes.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-03-12T21:39:38Z)
• AI Governance in the Context of the EU AI Act: A Bibliometric and Literature Review Approach [0.0]
  This study analyzed the research trends in AI governance within the framework of the EU AI Act.<n>Our findings reveal that research on AI governance, particularly concerning AI systems regulated by the EU AI Act, remains relatively limited compared to the broader AI research landscape.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-01-08T11:01:11Z)
• The Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment (FRIA) in the AI Act: Roots, legal obligations and key elements for a model template [55.2480439325792]
  Article aims to fill existing gaps in the theoretical and methodological elaboration of the Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment (FRIA)<n>This article outlines the main building blocks of a model template for the FRIA.<n>It can serve as a blueprint for other national and international regulatory initiatives to ensure that AI is fully consistent with human rights.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-11-07T11:55:55Z)
• Using AI Alignment Theory to understand the potential pitfalls of regulatory frameworks [55.2480439325792]
  This paper critically examines the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act) Uses insights from Alignment Theory (AT) research, which focuses on the potential pitfalls of technical alignment in Artificial Intelligence. As we apply these concepts to the EU AI Act, we uncover potential vulnerabilities and areas for improvement in the regulation.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-10-10T17:38:38Z)
• Navigating the EU AI Act: A Methodological Approach to Compliance for Safety-critical Products [0.0]
  This paper presents a methodology for interpreting the EU AI Act requirements for high-risk AI systems. We first propose an extended product quality model for AI systems, incorporating attributes relevant to the Act not covered by current quality models. We then propose a contract-based approach to derive technical requirements at the stakeholder level.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-03-25T14:32:18Z)
• Particip-AI: A Democratic Surveying Framework for Anticipating Future AI Use Cases, Harms and Benefits [54.648819983899614]
  General purpose AI seems to have lowered the barriers for the public to use AI and harness its power. We introduce PARTICIP-AI, a framework for laypeople to speculate and assess AI use cases and their impacts.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-03-21T19:12:37Z)
• Towards a Privacy and Security-Aware Framework for Ethical AI: Guiding the Development and Assessment of AI Systems [0.0]
  This study conducts a systematic literature review spanning the years 2020 to 2023. Through the synthesis of knowledge extracted from the SLR, this study presents a conceptual framework tailored for privacy- and security-aware AI systems.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-03-13T15:39:57Z)
• Responsible Artificial Intelligence: A Structured Literature Review [0.0]
  The EU has recently issued several publications emphasizing the necessity of trust in AI. This highlights the urgent need for international regulation. This paper introduces a comprehensive and, to our knowledge, the first unified definition of responsible AI.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-03-11T17:01:13Z)
• The risks of risk-based AI regulation: taking liability seriously [46.90451304069951]
  The development and regulation of AI seems to have reached a critical stage. Some experts are calling for a moratorium on the training of AI systems more powerful than GPT-4. This paper analyses the most advanced legal proposal, the European Union's AI Act.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-11-03T12:51:37Z)
• Fairness in Agreement With European Values: An Interdisciplinary Perspective on AI Regulation [61.77881142275982]
  This interdisciplinary position paper considers various concerns surrounding fairness and discrimination in AI, and discusses how AI regulations address them. We first look at AI and fairness through the lenses of law, (AI) industry, sociotechnology, and (moral) philosophy, and present various perspectives. We identify and propose the roles AI Regulation should take to make the endeavor of the AI Act a success in terms of AI fairness concerns.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-06-08T12:32:08Z)
• The ghost of AI governance past, present and future: AI governance in the European Union [0.0]
  The EU ensures and encourages ethical, trustworthy and reliable technological development. Section 1 serves to explore and evidence the EUs coherent and comprehensive approach to AI governance. Section 2 maps the EUs drive towards digital sovereignty through the lens of regulation and infrastructure. Section 3 concludes by offering several considerations to achieve good AI governance in the EU.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-07-08T08:43:16Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.