Quantum Metrology of Spin Sensing with Free Space Electrons

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.14982v1
• Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2025 14:12:56 GMT
• Title: Quantum Metrology of Spin Sensing with Free Space Electrons
• Authors: Santiago Beltrán-Romero, Michael Gaida, Philipp Haslinger, Dennis Rätzel, Stefan Nimmrichter,
• Abstract summary: Recent advances in transmission electron microscopy have opened the path toward spin resonance spectroscopy with single-spin sensitivity.<n>We study two metrological tasks: estimating the magnitude of the magnetic moment and discriminating the presence of a spin.<n>We find that conventional TEM imaging can saturate the quantum bound when backaction of the probe electron onto the spin state is negligible.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Recent advances in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have opened the path toward spin resonance spectroscopy with single-spin sensitivity. To assess this potential, we investigate the quantum precision limits for sensing magnetic moments with free-electron probes. Using a scattering model where an electron wavepacket interacts with a localized spin, we study two metrological tasks: estimating the magnitude of the magnetic moment and discriminating the presence of a spin. The sensitivity for a given measurement setting is generally determined by the classical Fisher information, which we benchmark against the quantum bound optimized over all measurements. We find that conventional TEM imaging can saturate the quantum bound when backaction of the probe electron onto the spin state is negligible. We also find that, when backaction is relevant, one could do better by realizing a measurement of the electron's orbital angular momentum state. These results establish the quantum limits of spin sensing in TEM and guide the development of future experiments probing individual electron spins or nanoscale ensembles of nuclear spins.

Related papers

• Quantum sensing of electron beams using solid-state spins [1.8245566575405352]
  We present a framework that employs negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV-) in diamond as quantum sensors of a bunched electron beam.<n>We develop a Lindblad master equation description of the magnetic free-electron--qubit interactions and identify spin relaxometry as a sensitive probe of the interaction.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-08-18T17:19:12Z)
• Spin Squeezing with Magnetic Dipoles [37.93140485169168]
  Entanglement can improve the measurement precision of quantum sensors beyond the shot noise limit.<n>We take advantage of the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction native to most neutral atoms to realize spin-squeezed states.<n>We achieve 7.1 dB of metrologically useful squeezing using the finite-range spin exchange interactions in an erbium quantum gas microscope.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-11-11T18:42:13Z)
• Detection of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Two Electron Spins Using a Single NV Center in Diamond [0.2833233022183549]
  An interacting spin system is an excellent testbed for fundamental quantum physics and applications in quantum sensing and quantum simulation. In this study, we present the identification and characterization of a single nitrogen vacancy (NV) center coupled to two electron spins.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-07-29T04:28:15Z)
• Spin Resonance Spectroscopy with an Electron Microscope [0.0]
  We propose a pump-probe spin resonance spectroscopy approach, based on microwave pump fields and electron probes. We investigate how quantum spin systems couple to electron matter waves through their magnetic moments. This could enable state-selective observation of spin dynamics on the nanoscale and indirect measurement of the environment of the examined spin systems.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-01-12T10:42:47Z)
• Mapping single electron spins with magnetic tomography [0.0]
  We show a method based on rotating an external magnetic field to identify the precise location of single electron spins in the vicinity of a quantum spin sensor. We show that the method can be used to locate electron spins with nanometer precision up to 10,nm away from the sensor.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-03-09T17:14:05Z)
• Dispersive readout of molecular spin qudits [68.8204255655161]
  We study the physics of a magnetic molecule described by a "giant" spin with multiple $d > 2$ spin states. We derive an expression for the output modes in the dispersive regime of operation. We find that the measurement of the cavity transmission allows to uniquely determine the spin state of the qudits.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-09-29T18:00:09Z)
• Quantum control of nuclear spin qubits in a rapidly rotating diamond [62.997667081978825]
  Nuclear spins in certain solids couple weakly to their environment, making them attractive candidates for quantum information processing and inertial sensing. We demonstrate optical nuclear spin polarization and rapid quantum control of nuclear spins in a diamond physically rotating at $1,$kHz, faster than the nuclear spin coherence time. Our work liberates a previously inaccessible degree of freedom of the NV nuclear spin, unlocking new approaches to quantum control and rotation sensing.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-07-27T03:39:36Z)
• Visualizing spinon Fermi surfaces with time-dependent spectroscopy [62.997667081978825]
  We propose applying time-dependent photo-emission spectroscopy, an established tool in solid state systems, in cold atom quantum simulators. We show in exact diagonalization simulations of the one-dimensional $t-J$ model that the spinons start to populate previously unoccupied states in an effective band structure. The dependence of the spectral function on the time after the pump pulse reveals collective interactions among spinons.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-05-27T18:00:02Z)
• Anisotropic electron-nuclear interactions in a rotating quantum spin bath [55.41644538483948]
  Spin-bath interactions are strongly anisotropic, and rapid physical rotation has long been used in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. We show that the interaction between electron spins of nitrogen-vacancy centers and a bath of $13$C nuclear spins introduces decoherence into the system. Our findings offer new insights into the use of physical rotation for quantum control with implications for quantum systems having motional and rotational degrees of freedom that are not fixed.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-05-16T06:15:00Z)
• Gravity Probe Spin: Prospects for measuring general-relativistic precession of intrinsic spin using a ferromagnetic gyroscope [51.51258642763384]
  An experimental test at the intersection of quantum physics and general relativity is proposed. The behavior of intrinsic spin in spacetime is an experimentally open question. A measurement is possible by using mm-scale ferromagnetic gyroscopes in orbit around the Earth.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-06-16T17:18:44Z)
• General quantum-mechanical solution for twisted electrons in a uniform magnetic field [68.8204255655161]
  A theory of twisted (and other structured) paraxial electrons in a uniform magnetic field is developed. The observable effect of a different behavior of relativistic Laguerre-Gauss beams with opposite directions of the orbital angular momentum penetrating from the free space into a magnetic field is predicted.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-05-13T16:35:10Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.