Truth-Aware Decoding: A Program-Logic Approach to Factual Language Generation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07331v1
• Date: Fri, 03 Oct 2025 22:11:15 GMT
• Title: Truth-Aware Decoding: A Program-Logic Approach to Factual Language Generation
• Abstract summary: This paper introduces Truth-Aware Decoding (TAD), a verification-oriented decoding scheme that aligns neural language generation with knowledge bases.<n>Our contributions are fourfold: (i) a constraint-based semantics that renders oracle filtering as a program-logic judgment, (ii) a proof that greedy selection enjoys local likelihood dominance under sound and complete guards, and (iii) an entropy-style invariant that quantifies factual risk via knowledge-aware safe mass.
• Score: 0.2864713389096699
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: This paper introduces Truth-Aware Decoding (TAD), a verification-oriented decoding scheme that aligns neural language generation with knowledge bases. Situated in the tradition of probabilistic program semantics for sequence models, TAD augments modern instruction-tuned systems with a lattice of semantic guards that operate at decode time. Our contributions are fourfold: (i) a constraint-based semantics that renders oracle filtering as a program-logic judgment, (ii) a proof that greedy selection enjoys local likelihood dominance under sound and complete guards (Theorem 2.7), (iii) an entropy-style invariant that quantifies factual risk via knowledge-aware safe mass, and (iv) a multi-agent operational calculus with verified Lean artefacts to certify implementation behaviour. Numerical and algorithmic case studies confirm that the resulting guardrails reduce hallucinations without sacrificing throughput, yielding a pragmatic bridge between large-scale empirical models and formal verification.

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