Artificial intelligence as a surrogate brain: Bridging neural dynamical models and data

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.10308v1
• Date: Sat, 11 Oct 2025 18:23:10 GMT
• Title: Artificial intelligence as a surrogate brain: Bridging neural dynamical models and data
• Authors: Yinuo Zhang, Demao Liu, Zhichao Liang, Jiani Cheng, Kexin Lou, Jinqiao Duan, Ting Gao, Bin Hu, Quanying Liu,
• Abstract summary: Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping the way we construct computational counterparts of the brain, giving rise to a new class of surrogate brains''<n>We introduce a unified framework of constructing an AI-based surrogate brain that integrates forward modeling, inverse problem solving, and model evaluation.<n>We highlight that the learned surrogate brain serves as a simulation platform for dynamical systems analysis, virtual perturbation, and model-guided neurostimulation.
• Score: 9.300290334520481
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Abstract: Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping the way we construct computational counterparts of the brain, giving rise to a new class of ``surrogate brains''. In contrast to conventional hypothesis-driven biophysical models, the AI-based surrogate brain encompasses a broad spectrum of data-driven approaches to solve the inverse problem, with the primary objective of accurately predicting future whole-brain dynamics with historical data. Here, we introduce a unified framework of constructing an AI-based surrogate brain that integrates forward modeling, inverse problem solving, and model evaluation. Leveraging the expressive power of AI models and large-scale brain data, surrogate brains open a new window for decoding neural systems and forecasting complex dynamics with high dimensionality, nonlinearity, and adaptability. We highlight that the learned surrogate brain serves as a simulation platform for dynamical systems analysis, virtual perturbation, and model-guided neurostimulation. We envision that the AI-based surrogate brain will provide a functional bridge between theoretical neuroscience and translational neuroengineering.

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