Decoding Dynamic Visual Experience from Calcium Imaging via Cell-Pattern-Aware SSL

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.18516v1
• Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2025 10:57:52 GMT
• Title: Decoding Dynamic Visual Experience from Calcium Imaging via Cell-Pattern-Aware SSL
• Authors: Sangyoon Bae, Mehdi Azabou, Jiook Cha, Blake Richards,
• Abstract summary: We present a novel approach to self-supervised pretraining, POYO-SSL, that exploits the heterogeneity of neural data to improve pre-training and achieve benefits of scale.<n>Specifically, in POYO-SSL we pretrain only on predictable (statistically regular) neurons-identified on the pretraining split via simple higher-order statistics (skewness and kurtosis)-then we fine-tune on the unpredictable population for downstream tasks.<n>On the Allen Brain Observatory dataset, this strategy yields approximately 12-13% relative gains over from-scratch training and exhibits smooth, monotonic scaling with model size.
• Score: 6.099145932421348
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Self-supervised learning (SSL) holds a great deal of promise for applications in neuroscience, due to the lack of large-scale, consistently labeled neural datasets. However, most neural datasets contain heterogeneous populations that mix stable, predictable cells with highly stochastic, stimulus-contingent ones, which has made it hard to identify consistent activity patterns during SSL. As a result, self-supervised pretraining has yet to show clear signs of benefits from scale on neural data. Here, we present a novel approach to self-supervised pretraining, POYO-SSL that exploits the heterogeneity of neural data to improve pre-training and achieve benefits of scale. Specifically, in POYO-SSL we pretrain only on predictable (statistically regular) neurons-identified on the pretraining split via simple higher-order statistics (skewness and kurtosis)-then we fine-tune on the unpredictable population for downstream tasks. On the Allen Brain Observatory dataset, this strategy yields approximately 12-13% relative gains over from-scratch training and exhibits smooth, monotonic scaling with model size. In contrast, existing state-of-the-art baselines plateau or destabilize as model size increases. By making predictability an explicit metric for crafting the data diet, POYO-SSL turns heterogeneity from a liability into an asset, providing a robust, biologically grounded recipe for scalable neural decoding and a path toward foundation models of neural dynamics.

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