MSC-Bench: A Rigorous Benchmark for Multi-Server Tool Orchestration

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19423v1
• Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 09:45:11 GMT
• Title: MSC-Bench: A Rigorous Benchmark for Multi-Server Tool Orchestration
• Authors: Jia-Kai Dong, I-Wei Huang, Chun-Tin Wu, Yi-Tien Tsai,
• Abstract summary: MSC-Bench is a large-scale benchmark for evaluating multi-hop, end-to-end tool orchestration by LLM agents.<n>It addresses gaps by constructing ground truth through 'equal function sets', allowing objective metrics such as F1 score.<n>It systematically tests agent capabilities from single-tool orchestration to complex cross-server planning, and robustness to out-of-scope requests.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We introduce MSC-Bench, a large-scale benchmark for evaluating multi-hop, end-to-end tool orchestration by LLM agents in a hierarchical Model-Context Protocol (MCP) ecosystem. Existing benchmarks often evaluate tools in isolation, ignoring challenges such as functional overlap and cross-server orchestration, leading to overly optimistic assessments. MSC-Bench addresses these gaps by constructing ground truth through 'equal function sets', allowing objective metrics such as F1 score and reducing the dependency on LLM-as-a-judge evaluation. Organized as a five-level curriculum, it systematically tests agent capabilities from single-tool orchestration to complex cross-server planning, and robustness to out-of-scope requests. Experiments reveal that rigid hierarchies can hinder performance without co-designed strategies, and even state-of-the-art agents exhibit systemic weaknesses in robustness. MSC-Bench provides a diagnostic framework to expose these limitations and guide the development of more capable and efficient tool-using agents. The benchmark and resources are publicly available at https://github.com/snooow1029/MSC_Bench.

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