Spatially Structured Entanglement from Nonequilibrium Thermal Pure States

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.25868v1
• Date: Wed, 29 Oct 2025 18:11:26 GMT
• Title: Spatially Structured Entanglement from Nonequilibrium Thermal Pure States
• Authors: Chen Bai, Mao Tian Tan, Bastien Lapierre, Shinsei Ryu,
• Abstract summary: We study quantum quench dynamics in (1+1)-dimensional critical systems.<n>The spatial inhomogeneity is introduced through a deformation of the Hamiltonian.<n>We analyze the free massless Dirac fermion theory and holographic conformal field theory.
• Score: 4.7794063432366345
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We study quantum quench dynamics in (1+1)-dimensional critical systems, starting from thermal pure states called crosscap states, and evolving them under spatially inhomogeneous Hamiltonians. The spatial inhomogeneity is introduced through a deformation of the Hamiltonian, expressed as linear combinations of the generators of the $SL^{(q)}(2,\mathbb{R})$ subalgebra of the Virasoro algebra. We analyze the free massless Dirac fermion theory and holographic conformal field theory as prototypical examples of integrable and non-integrable dynamics. Consistent with general expectations, "M\"obius-type" deformations lead to thermalization in the non-integrable case, and to periodic revivals in the integrable one. In contrast, "sine-square-type" and "displacement-type" deformations prevent both thermalization and scrambling, instead producing late-time, graph-like entanglement patterns. These patterns emerge from the interplay between the deformed Hamiltonian and the crosscap initial state and appear to be universal: they are determined solely by the deformation profile while remaining largely insensitive to microscopic details. Finally, we perform a holographic calculation in three-dimensional gravity using AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$, which reproduces the main features of our (1+1)-dimensional study.

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