MorphSeek: Fine-grained Latent Representation-Level Policy Optimization for Deformable Image Registration

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.17392v1
• Date: Fri, 21 Nov 2025 16:52:20 GMT
• Title: MorphSeek: Fine-grained Latent Representation-Level Policy Optimization for Deformable Image Registration
• Authors: Runxun Zhang, Yizhou Liu, Li Dongrui, Bo XU, Jingwei Wei,
• Abstract summary: Deformable image registration is a fundamental yet challenging problem in medical image analysis.<n>MorphSeek reformulates DIR as a spatially continuous optimization process in the latent feature space.<n>It achieves consistent Dice improvements over competitive baselines while maintaining high label efficiency with minimal parameter cost and low step-level latency.
• Score: 6.430696214380013
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Deformable image registration (DIR) remains a fundamental yet challenging problem in medical image analysis, largely due to the prohibitively high-dimensional deformation space of dense displacement fields and the scarcity of voxel-level supervision. Existing reinforcement learning frameworks often project this space into coarse, low-dimensional representations, limiting their ability to capture spatially variant deformations. We propose MorphSeek, a fine-grained representation-level policy optimization paradigm that reformulates DIR as a spatially continuous optimization process in the latent feature space. MorphSeek introduces a stochastic Gaussian policy head atop the encoder to model a distribution over latent features, facilitating efficient exploration and coarse-to-fine refinement. The framework integrates unsupervised warm-up with weakly supervised fine-tuning through Group Relative Policy Optimization, where multi-trajectory sampling stabilizes training and improves label efficiency. Across three 3D registration benchmarks (OASIS brain MRI, LiTS liver CT, and Abdomen MR-CT), MorphSeek achieves consistent Dice improvements over competitive baselines while maintaining high label efficiency with minimal parameter cost and low step-level latency overhead. Beyond optimizer specifics, MorphSeek advances a representation-level policy learning paradigm that achieves spatially coherent and data-efficient deformation optimization, offering a principled, backbone-agnostic, and optimizer-agnostic solution for scalable visual alignment in high-dimensional settings.

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