Quantum Mpemba effect in long-ranged U(1)-symmetric random circuits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.06775v1
• Date: Sun, 07 Dec 2025 10:28:04 GMT
• Title: Quantum Mpemba effect in long-ranged U(1)-symmetric random circuits
• Abstract summary: We study the quantum Mpemba effect in long-ranged, U(1)-symmetric random unitary circuits.<n>The Mpemba effect is present for tilted ferromagnetic states at all interaction ranges, but absent for tilted antiferromagnetic states.<n>Results reveal how the quantum Mpemba effect is governed by the interplay between interaction range and initial-state charge bias in long-ranged chaotic systems.
• Score: 8.556384128328387
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The Mpemba effect, where a state prepared farther from equilibrium relaxes faster to equilibrium than one prepared closer, has a quantum counterpart where relaxation is resolved by conserved charge. However, the fate of the quantum Mpemba effect in systems with long-range interactions remains an open question. Here, we study the quantum Mpemba effect in long-ranged, U(1)-symmetric random unitary circuits. Using annealed Rényi-2 entanglement asymmetry computed via replica tensor networks and exact diagonalization, we track the symmetry restoration from three types of tilted product states: ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferromagnetic with a central domain wall. The quantum Mpemba effect is present for tilted ferromagnetic states at all interaction ranges, but absent for tilted antiferromagnetic states, and occurs for the domain-wall state only in effectively short-ranged circuits, where the Mpemba time $t_{\rm M}$ is found to scale with the subsystem size $N_A$ as $t_{\rm M}\!\sim\!N_{A}^{\,z}$, with the dynamical exponent $z=\min(α-1,2)$. These results reveal how the quantum Mpemba effect is governed by the interplay between interaction range and initial-state charge bias in long-ranged chaotic systems.

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