ClinNoteAgents: An LLM Multi-Agent System for Predicting and Interpreting Heart Failure 30-Day Readmission from Clinical Notes

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.07081v1
• Date: Mon, 08 Dec 2025 01:32:14 GMT
• Title: ClinNoteAgents: An LLM Multi-Agent System for Predicting and Interpreting Heart Failure 30-Day Readmission from Clinical Notes
• Abstract summary: Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of rehospitalization among older adults in the United States.<n>Traditional computational models for HF readmission often rely on expert-crafted rules, medical thesauri, and to interpret clinical notes.<n>We present ClinNoteAgents, an LLM-based multi-agent framework that transforms free-text clinical notes into structured representations of clinical and social risk factors.
• Score: 11.536463647565794
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of rehospitalization among older adults in the United States. Although clinical notes contain rich, detailed patient information and make up a large portion of electronic health records (EHRs), they remain underutilized for HF readmission risk analysis. Traditional computational models for HF readmission often rely on expert-crafted rules, medical thesauri, and ontologies to interpret clinical notes, which are typically written under time pressure and may contain misspellings, abbreviations, and domain-specific jargon. We present ClinNoteAgents, an LLM-based multi-agent framework that transforms free-text clinical notes into (1) structured representations of clinical and social risk factors for association analysis and (2) clinician-style abstractions for HF 30-day readmission prediction. We evaluate ClinNoteAgents on 3,544 notes from 2,065 patients (readmission rate=35.16%), demonstrating strong performance in extracting risk factors from free-text, identifying key contributing factors, and predicting readmission risk. By reducing reliance on structured fields and minimizing manual annotation and model training, ClinNoteAgents provides a scalable and interpretable approach to note-based HF readmission risk modeling in data-limited healthcare systems.

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