Squeezing-Enhanced Two-Phase Estimation with N-Particle W-type States

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.05595v1
• Date: Fri, 09 Jan 2026 07:30:39 GMT
• Title: Squeezing-Enhanced Two-Phase Estimation with N-Particle W-type States
• Authors: Huan Zhang, Ying Xia, Xiuxing Zhang, Shoukang Chang, Wei Ye,
• Abstract summary: We investigate the simultaneous estimation of two optical phases in a three-mode interferometer assisted by optical parametric amplification (OPA)<n>We show that uniformly applied OPA significantly enhances the attainable precision beyond that of an unamplified interferometer.<n>Although loss degrades the achievable precision, the OPA-assisted scheme retains a clear advantage for moderate loss, indicating a degree of robustness against dissipation.
• Score: 11.248437993511393
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We investigate the simultaneous estimation of two optical phases in a three-mode interferometer assisted by optical parametric amplification (OPA). By employing the normally ordered characteristic-function formalism, we analytically obtain all photon-number moments of the output quantum state, enabling an explicit evaluation of the quantum Fisher information matrix for multiparameter phase estimation. In the lossless scenario, we show that uniformly applied OPA significantly enhances the attainable precision beyond that of an unamplified interferometer. By analyzing the second-order correlation functions, we demonstrate that this enhancement originates from the amplification of intra-mode photon-number correlations, rather than from inter-mode correlations. We further extend our analysis to realistic interferometers with photon loss using a purification-based variational approach. Although loss degrades the achievable precision, the OPA-assisted scheme retains a clear advantage for moderate loss, indicating a degree of robustness against dissipation. Our results clarify the physical mechanism underlying OPA-enhanced multiparameter quantum metrology and provide guidelines for optimizing phase estimation protocols in realistic noisy environments.

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