PromptPort: A Reliability Layer for Cross-Model Structured Extraction

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06151v1
• Date: Tue, 06 Jan 2026 03:54:27 GMT
• Title: PromptPort: A Reliability Layer for Cross-Model Structured Extraction
• Abstract summary: Structured extraction with LLMs fails in production not because models lack understanding, but because output formatting is unreliable across models and prompts.<n>We present PromptPort, a reliability layer combining deterministic canonicalization with a lightweight verifier (DistilBERT) and a safe-override policy.<n>The method generalizes to held-out model families and provides explicit abstention when uncertain, enabling reliable structured extraction in production deployments.
• Score: 0.11280931253550518
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Structured extraction with LLMs fails in production not because models lack understanding, but because output formatting is unreliable across models and prompts. A prompt that returns clean JSON on GPT-4 may produce fenced, prose-wrapped, or malformed output on Llama, causing strict parsers to reject otherwise correct extractions. We formalize this as format collapse and introduce a dual-metric evaluation framework: ROS (strict parsing, measuring operational reliability) and CSS (post-canonicalization, measuring semantic capability). On a 37,346-example camera metadata benchmark across six model families, we find severe format collapse (for example, Gemma-2B: ROS 0.116 versus CSS 0.246) and large cross-model portability gaps (0.4 to 0.6 F1). We then present PromptPort, a reliability layer combining deterministic canonicalization with a lightweight verifier (DistilBERT) and a safe-override policy. PromptPort recovers format failures (plus 6 to 8 F1), adds verifier-driven semantic selection (plus 14 to 16 F1 beyond canonicalization), and approaches per-field oracle performance (0.890 versus 0.896 in zero-shot) without modifying base models. The method generalizes to held-out model families and provides explicit abstention when uncertain, enabling reliable structured extraction in production deployments.

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