Excitation spectrum of a bright solitary wave in a Bose-Einstein condensate and its connection with the Higgs and the Goldstone modes

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.07575v1
• Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2026 14:28:31 GMT
• Title: Excitation spectrum of a bright solitary wave in a Bose-Einstein condensate and its connection with the Higgs and the Goldstone modes
• Authors: G. M. Kavoulakis,
• Abstract summary: We focus on the case of an effective attractive interaction between the atoms.<n>The formation of a localized blob for sufficiently strong interactions provides an example of spontaneous symmetry breaking.<n>We identify in the excitation spectrum the emergence of the analogous to the Goldstone and the Higgs modes.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We consider the problem of Bose-Einstein condensed atoms, which are confined in a (quasi) one-dimensional toroidal potential. We focus on the case of an effective attractive interaction between the atoms. The formation of a localized blob (i.e., a ``bright" solitary wave) for sufficiently strong interactions provides an example of spontaneous symmetry breaking. We evaluate analytically and numerically the excitation spectrum for both cases of a homogeneous and of a localized density distribution. We identify in the excitation spectrum the emergence of the analogous to the Goldstone and the Higgs modes, evaluating various relevant observables, gaining insight into these two fundamental modes of excitation.

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