LLM-Assisted Authentication and Fraud Detection

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19684v2
• Date: Thu, 29 Jan 2026 13:12:00 GMT
• Title: LLM-Assisted Authentication and Fraud Detection
• Authors: Emunah S-S. Chan, Aldar C-F. Chan,
• Abstract summary: knowledge-based authentication remains rigid, requiring exact word-for-word matches.<n>fraud-detection pipelines struggle to keep pace with rapidly evolving scam behaviors.<n>This work introduces two complementary LLM-enabled solutions.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: User authentication and fraud detection face growing challenges as digital systems expand and adversaries adopt increasingly sophisticated tactics. Traditional knowledge-based authentication remains rigid, requiring exact word-for-word string matches that fail to accommodate natural human memory and linguistic variation. Meanwhile, fraud-detection pipelines struggle to keep pace with rapidly evolving scam behaviors, leading to high false-positive rates and frequent retraining cycles required. This work introduces two complementary LLM-enabled solutions, namely, an LLM-assisted authentication mechanism that evaluates semantic correctness rather than exact wording, supported by document segmentation and a hybrid scoring method combining LLM judgement with cosine-similarity metrics and a RAG-based fraud-detection pipeline that grounds LLM reasoning in curated evidence to reduce hallucinations and adapt to emerging scam patterns without model retraining. Experiments show that the authentication system accepts 99.5% of legitimate non-exact answers while maintaining a 0.1% false-acceptance rate, and that the RAG-enhanced fraud detection reduces false positives from 17.2% to 3.5%. Together, these findings demonstrate that LLMs can significantly improve both usability and robustness in security workflows, offering a more adaptive , explainable, and human-aligned approach to authentication and fraud detection.

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