NFCDS: A Plug-and-Play Noise Frequency-Controlled Diffusion Sampling Strategy for Image Restoration

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.21248v1
• Date: Thu, 29 Jan 2026 04:10:45 GMT
• Title: NFCDS: A Plug-and-Play Noise Frequency-Controlled Diffusion Sampling Strategy for Image Restoration
• Authors: Zhen Wang, Hongyi Liu, Jianing Li, Zhihui Wei,
• Abstract summary: Diffusion-based Plug-and-Play (NFC) methods produce images with high quality but often suffer from reduced fidelity data.<n>We propose Frequency Diffusion-led Sampling (NFCDS), a modulation mechanism for reverse diffusion noise.
• Score: 20.351955950047348
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Diffusion sampling-based Plug-and-Play (PnP) methods produce images with high perceptual quality but often suffer from reduced data fidelity, primarily due to the noise introduced during reverse diffusion. To address this trade-off, we propose Noise Frequency-Controlled Diffusion Sampling (NFCDS), a spectral modulation mechanism for reverse diffusion noise. We show that the fidelity-perception conflict can be fundamentally understood through noise frequency: low-frequency components induce blur and degrade fidelity, while high-frequency components drive detail generation. Based on this insight, we design a Fourier-domain filter that progressively suppresses low-frequency noise and preserves high-frequency content. This controlled refinement injects a data-consistency prior directly into sampling, enabling fast convergence to results that are both high-fidelity and perceptually convincing--without additional training. As a PnP module, NFCDS seamlessly integrates into existing diffusion-based restoration frameworks and improves the fidelity-perception balance across diverse zero-shot tasks.

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