RobustDebias: Debiasing Language Models using Distributionally Robust Optimization

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.00405v1
• Date: Fri, 30 Jan 2026 23:49:11 GMT
• Title: RobustDebias: Debiasing Language Models using Distributionally Robust Optimization
• Authors: Deep Gandhi, Katyani Singh, Nidhi Hegde,
• Abstract summary: We propose itRobustDebias, a novel mechanism which adapts Distributionally Robust Optimization to debias language models during fine-tuning.<n>Our approach debiases models across multiple demographics during fine-tuning and generalizes to any dataset or task.
• Score: 0.39774453005697336
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Pretrained language models have been shown to exhibit biases and social stereotypes. Prior work on debiasing these models has largely focused on modifying embedding spaces during pretraining, which is not scalable for large models. Fine-tuning pretrained models on task-specific datasets can both degrade model performance and amplify biases present in the fine-tuning data. We address bias amplification during fine-tuning rather than costly pretraining, focusing on BERT models due to their widespread use in language understanding tasks. While Empirical Risk Minimization effectively optimizes downstream performance, it often amplifies social biases during fine-tuning. To counter this, we propose \textit{RobustDebias}, a novel mechanism which adapts Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) to debias language models during fine-tuning. Our approach debiases models across multiple demographics during MLM fine-tuning and generalizes to any dataset or task. Extensive experiments on various language models show significant bias mitigation with minimal performance impact.

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