Related papers: Quantum noise scaling in continuously operating multiparameter sensors

Quantum noise scaling in continuously operating multiparameter sensors

URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.05991v1
Date: Thu, 05 Feb 2026 18:41:01 GMT
Title: Quantum noise scaling in continuously operating multiparameter sensors
Authors: Aleksandra Sierant, Diana Méndez-Avalos, Santiago Tabares Giraldo, Morgan W. Mitchell,
Abstract summary: We map the photon shot noise, spin projection noise, and measurement back-action noise over an order of magnitude in probe power.<n>We observe linear, quadratic, and cubic scaling of the respective total noise powers with probe photon flux.<n>Additional probe-induced relaxation modifies the spin-noise spectrum while preserving the integrated noise scaling.
Score: 39.146761527401424
License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Abstract: We experimentally investigate the quantum noise mechanisms that limit continuously operating multiparameter quantum sensors. Using a hybrid rf-dc optically pumped magnetometer, we map the photon shot noise, spin projection noise, and measurement back-action noise over an order of magnitude in probe power and a factor of three in pump power while remaining quantum-noise-limited. We observe linear, quadratic, and cubic scaling of the respective total noise powers with probe photon flux, together with a quadratic dependence of back-action on pump photon flux, in quantitative agreement with a stochastic Bloch-equation model. At higher probe powers, additional probe-induced relaxation modifies the spin-noise spectrum while preserving the integrated noise scaling. Our results reveal fundamental, resource-dependent trade-offs unique to continuously monitored multiparameter sensors and establish experimentally the quantum limits governing their optimal operation.

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