Efficient and deterministic high-dimensional controlled-swap gates on hybrid linear optical systems with high fidelity

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.09393v1
• Date: Tue, 10 Feb 2026 04:02:18 GMT
• Title: Efficient and deterministic high-dimensional controlled-swap gates on hybrid linear optical systems with high fidelity
• Authors: Gui-Long Jiang, Jun-Bin Yuan, Wen-Qiang Liu, Hai-Rui Wei,
• Abstract summary: We present efficient schemes to implement controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate and controlled-swap (Fredkin) gate by solely using linear optics.<n>Based on the hybrid encoding, CNOT and Fredkin gates are constructed in a deterministic way without any borrowed ancillary photons or measurement-induced nonlinearities.
• Score: 4.515110575033358
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Implementation of quantum logic gates with linear optical elements plays a prominent role in quantum computing due to the relatively easier manipulation and realization. We present efficient schemes to implement controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate and controlled-swap (Fredkin) gate by solely using linear optics. We encode the control qubits and target qudits in photonic polarization (two-level) and spatial degrees of freedom ($d$-level), respectively. Based on the hybrid encoding, CNOT and Fredkin gates are constructed in a deterministic way without any borrowed ancillary photons or measurement-induced nonlinearities. Remarkably, the number of linear optics required to implement a CNOT gate has been reduced to one polarization beam splitter (PBS), while only $d$ PBSs are necessary to implement a generalized Fredkin gate. The optical depths of all schemes are reduced to one and dimension-independent. Besides, the fidelity of our three-qubit Fredkin gate is higher than 99.7\% under realistic conditions, which is higher than the previous schemes.

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