Neural Network Discovery of Paired Wigner Crystals in Artificial Graphene

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16798v1
• Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 19:01:36 GMT
• Title: Neural Network Discovery of Paired Wigner Crystals in Artificial Graphene
• Abstract summary: We discover a new ground state of the two-dimensional electron gas in a honeycomb moire potential at a filling factor of $_m =1/4$.<n>The formation of such a paired Wigner crystal provides a fascinating case of collective phenomena in strongly interacting quantum many-body systems.
• Score: 4.33840559811667
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Moiré systems have emerged as an exciting tunable platform for engineering and probing quantum matter. A large number of exotic states have been observed, stimulating intense efforts in experiment, theory, and simulation. Utilizing a neural-network-based quantum Monte Carlo approach, we discover a new ground state of the two-dimensional electron gas in a honeycomb moire potential at a filling factor of $ν_m =1/4$ (one electron every four moiré minima). In this state, two opposite-spin electrons pair to form a singlet-like valence bond state which restores local $C_6$ symmetry in hexagonal molecules each spanning $6$ moiré minima. These molecules of pairs then form a molecular Wigner crystal, leaving one quarter of the moiré minima mostly depleted. The formation of such a paired Wigner crystal, absent any confining potential or attractive interaction to facilitate "pre-assembling" the molecule, provides a fascinating case of collective phenomena in strongly interacting quantum many-body systems, and opportunities to engineer exotic properties.

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