Toward a CMOS-integrated quantum diamond biosensor based on NV centers

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.20437v1
• Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 00:37:17 GMT
• Title: Toward a CMOS-integrated quantum diamond biosensor based on NV centers
• Authors: Ioannis Varveris, Gianni D. Aliberti, Felix J. Barzilaij, Zhi Jin, Samantha A. van Rijs, Qiangrui Dong, Daan Brinks, Salahuddin Nur, Ryoichi Ishihara,
• Abstract summary: We report progress toward a CMOS-integrated quantum diamond biosensing platform.<n>The system integrates on-chip active quenching and digital readout with external FPGA-based photon counting.<n>Magnetic field sensitivity of approximately 90 nT/$sqrtmathrmHz$ per pixel is estimated.
• Score: 27.327120599253046
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We report progress toward a CMOS-integrated quantum diamond biosensing platform that combines nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond with a custom 40 nm CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) array. The system integrates on-chip active quenching and digital readout with external FPGA-based photon counting, compact microwave delivery, and practical optical excitation and collection schemes to support widefield optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). System-level design considerations spanning fluorescence collection efficiency, detector count-rate capability, and microwave homogeneity are analyzed with biological compatibility and scalability in mind. Using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-labeled HEK293T cells as a representative use case, simple dipole-field estimates indicate that sub-$μ$T sensitivity is required to resolve ODMR shifts within typical ensemble linewidths. Based on the proposed architecture and efficiency analysis, a magnetic field sensitivity of approximately 90 nT/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ per pixel is estimated. These results outline a practical path from optics-heavy quantum diamond microscopes toward compact, CMOS-integrated NV-based biosensors for quantitative magnetic imaging in complex biological environments.

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