Spatio-Temporal Forecasting of Retaining Wall Deformation: Mitigating Error Accumulation via Multi-Resolution ConvLSTM Stacking Ensemble

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.10453v1
• Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 06:12:00 GMT
• Title: Spatio-Temporal Forecasting of Retaining Wall Deformation: Mitigating Error Accumulation via Multi-Resolution ConvLSTM Stacking Ensemble
• Abstract summary: Three ConvLSTM models trained at different input resolutions were integrated using a fully connected neural network meta-learner to construct the ensemble model.<n> validation using both numerical results and field measurements demonstrated that the ensemble approach consistently outperformed the standalone ConvLSTM models.
• Score: 3.7704625373713543
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: This study proposes a multi-resolution Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) ensemble framework that leverages diverse temporal input resolutions to mitigate error accumulation and improve long-horizon forecasting of retaining-structure behavior during staged excavation. An extensive database of lateral wall displacement responses was generated through PLAXIS2D simulations incorporating five-layered soil stratigraphy, two excavation depths (14 and 20 m), and stochastically varied geotechnical and structural parameters, yielding 2,000 time-series deflection profiles. Three ConvLSTM models trained at different input resolutions were integrated using a fully connected neural network meta-learner to construct the ensemble model. Validation using both numerical results and field measurements demonstrated that the ensemble approach consistently outperformed the standalone ConvLSTM models, particularly in long-term multi-step prediction, exhibiting reduced error propagation and improved generalization. These findings underscore the potential of multi-resolution ensemble strategies that jointly exploit diverse temporal input scales to enhance predictive stability and accuracy in AI-driven geotechnical forecasting.

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