A Highly Sensitive Diamond NV Magnetometer Using Ramsey Interferometry with a Short Sensor-to-Sample Distance

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13754v1
• Date: Sat, 14 Mar 2026 05:03:07 GMT
• Title: A Highly Sensitive Diamond NV Magnetometer Using Ramsey Interferometry with a Short Sensor-to-Sample Distance
• Abstract summary: We develop a diamond quantum magnetometer based on Ramsey interferometry with a short sensor-to-sample distance.<n>The development is crucial for practical biomagnetic applications based on Ramsey interferometry.
• Score: 0.20514013669127318
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: In this study, we developed a diamond quantum magnetometer based on Ramsey interferometry with a short sensor-to-sample distance. Conventional biomagnetic sensors with ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers using continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance and Ramsey methods typically rely on watt-level lasers to achieve high sensitivity, resulting in thermal issues. In contrast, by employing the light-trapping diamond waveguide technique in a high-pressure and high-temperature diamond sample treated with electron beam irradiation, we obtained a high photon conversion efficiency of 9.5%, enabling us to simultaneously achieve a high sensitivity of 2.93(7) pT/Hz^1/2 in the 100-400 Hz frequency range and a minimal temperature increase of only approximately 13 K at a low laser power of 210 mW. Using a dry phantom designed to mimic magnetoencephalography signals, we measured a weak magnetic field of 77.7(2) pT without signal averaging at a sensor-to-sample distance of 2.5 mm. This short-distance measurement prevents severe spatial signal attenuation, yielding a high signal-to-noise ratio. The development here is crucial for practical biomagnetic applications based on Ramsey interferometry.

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