Electrometry of extremely-low frequencies from kHz to sub-Hz with a Rydberg-atom sensor

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.13827v1
• Date: Sat, 14 Mar 2026 08:20:35 GMT
• Title: Electrometry of extremely-low frequencies from kHz to sub-Hz with a Rydberg-atom sensor
• Abstract summary: We extend Rydberg-atom sensor range to VLF, ULF, SLF, ELF and sub-ELF frequency bands.<n>In our method, high state-of-the-art sensitivities have been achieved - 819 $$V/cm/$sqrttextHz$ for 1 Hz, 33 $$V/cm/$sqrttextHz$ for 10 Hz, 10 $$V/cm/$sqrttextHz$ for 100 Hz and 2 $$V/cm/$sqr
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Rydberg-atom electric field sensing has shown great potential from near-DC to THz with state-of-the-art measurement metrics realized in sensitivity, phase extraction, multi-band receptivity, etc. While Rydberg-atom sensors have shown exceptional performance in the GHz regime, low-frequency operation has remained challenging because of electric-field-screening in conventional vapor cells, which suppresses externally applied fields. We overcome this limitation by combining auxiliary modulation and lock-in detection with a paraffin-coated vapor cell, and demonstrate an electrode-free, wideband method for sensing frequencies, ranging from 0.5 Hz to 10 kHz. Our work extends Rydberg-atom sensor range to VLF, ULF, SLF, ELF and sub-ELF frequency bands. In our method, high state-of-the-art sensitivities have been achieved - 819 $μ$V/cm/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 1 Hz, 33 $μ$V/cm/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 10 Hz, 10 $μ$V/cm/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 100 Hz and 2 $μ$V/cm/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ for 1 kHz.

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