High-dimensional quantum communication with scalable photonic entanglement in time and frequency

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18212v1
• Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 19:00:00 GMT
• Title: High-dimensional quantum communication with scalable photonic entanglement in time and frequency
• Abstract summary: We demonstrate a scan-free method to characterize high-dimensional entanglement in the time-frequency domain.<n>Our reconstruction achieves a record $5.70pm0.07$ ebits and a fidelity of $65.4pm0.4%$ with the maximally entangled state of local dimension $1021$.<n>Using commercial telecom components and state-of-the-art low-jitter single-photon detectors, our scalable architecture offers a practical path towards high-rate, noise-resilient quantum communication testbeds.
• Score: 4.832325332026412
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: High-dimensional photonic entanglement holds significant promise for advancing quantum communication, computation, and metrology. For example, large-alphabet quantum communication protocols are known to benefit from enhanced noise resilience and information capacity via multi-bit time-bin encoding. Yet, characterizing high-dimensional entangled states is challenging, as full state tomography becomes prohibitively costly and often requires unrealizable measurements. Here, we demonstrate a scan-free method to characterize high-dimensional entanglement in the time-frequency domain. Our reconstruction achieves a record $5.70\pm0.07$ ebits and a fidelity of $65.4\pm0.4\%$ with the maximally entangled state of local dimension $1021$, certifying the presence of $668$-dimensional entanglement. We further prove the attainability of a secure key rate of $15.6$ kB/s in a composable finite-size, entanglement-based protocol, and show that in continuous operation, the setup can quickly approach asymptotic key rates. Using commercial telecom components and state-of-the-art low-jitter single-photon detectors, our scalable architecture offers a practical path towards high-rate, noise-resilient quantum communication testbeds.

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