A building block of quantum repeaters for scalable quantum networks

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.08472v1
• Date: Mon, 09 Feb 2026 10:19:31 GMT
• Title: A building block of quantum repeaters for scalable quantum networks
• Authors: Wen-Zhao Liu, Ya-Bin Zhou, Jiu-Peng Chen, Bin Wang, Ao Teng, Xiao-Wen Han, Guang-Cheng Liu, Zhi-Jiong Zhang, Yi Yang, Feng-Guang Liu, ChaoHui Xue, Bo-Wen Yang, Jin Yang, Chao Zeng, Du-Ruo Pan, Ming-Yang Zheng, Xing-Jian Zhang, Cao Shen, Yi-Zheng Zhen, You Xiao, Hao Li, Li-Xing You, XiongFeng Ma, Qi Zhao, Feihu Xu, Ye Wang, Yong Wan, Qiang Zhang, Jian-Wei Pan,
• Abstract summary: We develop and maintain memory-memory entanglement over a 10 km fibre within the average entanglement establishment time.<n>As a direct application, we demonstrate 1,917 secret keys out of 4.05*105 Bell pairs over 10 km.
• Score: 31.28992546873135
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Quantum networks, integrating quantum communication, quantum metrology, and distributed quantum computing, could provide secure and efficient information transfer, high-resolution sensing, and an exponential speed-up in information processing. Deterministic entanglement distribution over long distances is a prerequisite for scalable quantum networks, enabling the utilization of device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) and quantum teleportation to achieve secure and efficient information transfer. However, the exponential photon loss in optical fibres prohibits efficient and deterministic entanglement distribution. Quantum repeaters, incorporating entanglement swapping and entanglement purification with quantum memories, offer the most promising means to overcome this limitation in fibre-based quantum networks. Despite numerous pioneering efforts toward realizing quantum repeaters, a critical bottleneck remains, as remote memory-memory entanglement suffers from decoherence more rapidly than it can be established and purified over long distances. We overcome this by developing long-lived trapped-ion memories, an efficient telecom interface, and a high-visibility single-photon entanglement protocol. This allows us to establish and maintain memory-memory entanglement over a 10 km fibre within the average entanglement establishment time for the same distance. As a direct application, we demonstrate metropolitan-scale DI-QKD, distilling 1,917 secret keys out of 4.05*10^5 Bell pairs over 10 km. We further report a positive key rate over 101 km in the asymptotic limit, extending the achievable distance by more than two orders of magnitude. Our work provides a critical building block for quantum repeaters and marks an important step toward scalable quantum networks.

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