Causal AI For AMS Circuit Design: Interpretable Parameter Effects Analysis

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24618v1
• Date: Tue, 24 Mar 2026 20:10:58 GMT
• Title: Causal AI For AMS Circuit Design: Interpretable Parameter Effects Analysis
• Abstract summary: We propose a causal-inference framework that first discovers a directed-acyclic graph (DAG) from SPICE simulation data.<n>The approach yields human-interpretable rankings of design knobs and explicit 'what-if' predictions.<n>Across all circuits the causal model reproduces simulation-based ATEs with an average absolute error of less than 25%, whereas the neural network deviates by more than 80% and frequently predicts the wrong sign.
• Score: 1.9739269019020032
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Analog-mixed-signal (AMS) circuits are highly non-linear and operate on continuous real-world signals, making them far more difficult to model with data-driven AI than digital blocks. To close the gap between structured design data (device dimensions, bias voltages, etc.) and real-world performance, we propose a causal-inference framework that first discovers a directed-acyclic graph (DAG) from SPICE simulation data and then quantifies parameter impact through Average Treatment Effect (ATE) estimation. The approach yields human-interpretable rankings of design knobs and explicit 'what-if' predictions, enabling designers to understand trade-offs in sizing and topology. We evaluate the pipeline on three operational-amplifier families (OTA, telescopic, and folded-cascode) implemented in TSMC 65nm and benchmark it against a baseline neural-network (NN) regressor. Across all circuits the causal model reproduces simulation-based ATEs with an average absolute error of less than 25%, whereas the neural network deviates by more than 80% and frequently predicts the wrong sign. These results demonstrate that causal AI provides both higher accuracy and explainability, paving the way for more efficient, trustworthy AMS design automation.

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