Implementing non-Abelian Hatano-Nelson model in electric circuits

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24642v1
• Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 12:39:03 GMT
• Title: Implementing non-Abelian Hatano-Nelson model in electric circuits
• Abstract summary: Non-Hermitian systems generally host complex spectra that lead to the spectral braiding and non-Hermitian skin effect.<n>Here, we propose a non-Abelian Hatano-Nelson model with a nonreciprocal U(2) gauge field.<n>The gauge field induces two non-Hermitian phenomena: the first is the Hopf-link-shaped complex energy braiding, and the second is the bipolar skin effect.
• Score: 24.018012222469924
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Non-Hermitian systems generally host complex spectra that bring unique spectral topologies, leading to the spectral braiding and non-Hermitian skin effect. The experimental exploration of non-Hermitian physics is mainly concentrated in artificial systems due to the flexibility in the introduction of the non-Hermiticity, but to date has focused only on the systems without gauge fields or with Abelian gauge fields. Here, we propose a non-Abelian Hatano-Nelson model with a nonreciprocal U(2) gauge field. The gauge field induces two non-Hermitian phenomena: the first is the Hopf-link-shaped complex energy braiding, and the second is the bipolar skin effect arising under the non-Abelian condition. The non-Abelian Hatano-Nelson model is implemented in electric circuits, and the Hopf-link-shaped admittance spectra and bipolar skin admittance modes are observed. Our work enriches the experimental non-Hermitian physics, and provides an approach to designing multifunctional non-Hermitian devices.

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